chapter 4 Social Justice:
Q1. what is justice?
Ans: Justice involves the well being of all people. Immanuel Kant has
argued that human beings possess dignity. and if all persons are granted dignity, then they will have equal opportunity to develop their talents and pursue their chosen goals. justice means that we give equal
consideration to all individuals.
Q2. What does Immanuel Kant say about justice?
Ans: Immanuel Kant has argued that human beings possess dignity. and if all persons are granted dignity,
then they will have equal opportunity to develop their talents and pursue their chosen goals.
Q3. What is the meaning of equal treatment for equals?
Ans. It means that equal treatment should be provided to equals only. This means that there can be equality of
opportunity only when people are educated. So, while talking about the equal treatment we need to see whether they can be equally treated. For example: if a boss says that a male colleague in their office stays late at night.
The boss cannot say the same thing to a female colleague to stay late in the office. Because the female has
a security problem at night. a boss can only tell a male colleague to stay late till night. So only equals can be treated equally.
Q4. What is proportionate justice?
Ans. Justice has to be according to the merit. It means rewarding people according to the scale and quality of effort.
So for justice in society, equal treatment needs to be balanced with proportionality.
Q5. What are the three principles of justice?
Ans. 1. equal treatment for equals.
2. proportionate justice
3. recognition of special needs
Q6. What is just the distribution of resources?
Ans. A society requires just distribution of goods and services for maintaining law and order. if there are deep
inequalities in society, then it requires redistribution of goods and resources. for example:
when India was under British rule, then zamindars had acquired vast swathes of land. But post-independence,
land reforms were carried out and the land was redistributed among poor peasants.
Q7. What are the basic needs of life?
Ans. Basic needs of life include housing, nourishment, clean drinking water, education and a minimum wage.
Q8. What is Rawl's theory of justice?
Ans. john Rawls, an important political thinker, has given a theory of justice to achieve a just state. he puts all
individuals behind the 'veil of ignorance'. 'veil of ignorance' means that individuals are put in a position where they do not know what is their status, wealth, class, ability, talent, etc. so these individuals will
choose privileges which will affect them once they come out of veil of ignorance. Rawls said that these individuals are rational and will choose privileges which will help them in developing their fuller personality. so they will first choose liberty. Because if an individual has liberty then he/she will be able to achieve anything by his/her hard work.
second they will want is equality of opportunity. that means all individuals should get equal opportunity. they should not be discriminated against on the basis of their caste, region, gender, and religion.
And third, they will demand is the difference principle. It means that if any individual, after veil of ignorance, comes out
is disabled or unfortunate, then society should help that least advantaged person.
This Rawl's theory of justice where rationality rather than moral thinking can lead us to have a fair and just society.
Q9. What is the veil of ignorance?
Ans. Rawls has talked about the veil of ignorance in his theory of justice. He puts all individuals behind the 'veil of ignorance'.
' veil of ignorance' means that individuals are put in a position where they do not know what is
their status, wealth, class, ability, talent, etc.
Q10. What are the three principles in john Rawls's theory?
Ans. 1. liberty
2. equality of opportunity
3. difference principle
Q11. What is a free market?
Ans. free-market means that individuals should be free to own property and enter into contracts and agreements
with each other regarding prices, wages and profits. they should be free to compete with each other
to gain greatest amount of benefit.
Q12. What are the advantages of free markets?
Ans. In free markets, there is less interference by the state which ensures equal distribution of benefits and duties in
society. The free market also allows us to have more choices. And moreover, they provide good quality services
in comparison to the poor quality of services provided by governmental institutions.
Q13. What are the disadvantages of free markets?
Ans. free markets favor the privileged because they have money and resources to buy goods and services they want.
Q1. what is justice?
Ans: Justice involves the well being of all people. Immanuel Kant has
argued that human beings possess dignity. and if all persons are granted dignity, then they will have equal opportunity to develop their talents and pursue their chosen goals. justice means that we give equal
consideration to all individuals.
Q2. What does Immanuel Kant say about justice?
Ans: Immanuel Kant has argued that human beings possess dignity. and if all persons are granted dignity,
then they will have equal opportunity to develop their talents and pursue their chosen goals.
Q3. What is the meaning of equal treatment for equals?
Ans. It means that equal treatment should be provided to equals only. This means that there can be equality of
opportunity only when people are educated. So, while talking about the equal treatment we need to see whether they can be equally treated. For example: if a boss says that a male colleague in their office stays late at night.
The boss cannot say the same thing to a female colleague to stay late in the office. Because the female has
a security problem at night. a boss can only tell a male colleague to stay late till night. So only equals can be treated equally.
Q4. What is proportionate justice?
Ans. Justice has to be according to the merit. It means rewarding people according to the scale and quality of effort.
So for justice in society, equal treatment needs to be balanced with proportionality.
Q5. What are the three principles of justice?
Ans. 1. equal treatment for equals.
2. proportionate justice
3. recognition of special needs
Q6. What is just the distribution of resources?
Ans. A society requires just distribution of goods and services for maintaining law and order. if there are deep
inequalities in society, then it requires redistribution of goods and resources. for example:
when India was under British rule, then zamindars had acquired vast swathes of land. But post-independence,
land reforms were carried out and the land was redistributed among poor peasants.
Q7. What are the basic needs of life?
Ans. Basic needs of life include housing, nourishment, clean drinking water, education and a minimum wage.
Q8. What is Rawl's theory of justice?
Ans. john Rawls, an important political thinker, has given a theory of justice to achieve a just state. he puts all
individuals behind the 'veil of ignorance'. 'veil of ignorance' means that individuals are put in a position where they do not know what is their status, wealth, class, ability, talent, etc. so these individuals will
choose privileges which will affect them once they come out of veil of ignorance. Rawls said that these individuals are rational and will choose privileges which will help them in developing their fuller personality. so they will first choose liberty. Because if an individual has liberty then he/she will be able to achieve anything by his/her hard work.
second they will want is equality of opportunity. that means all individuals should get equal opportunity. they should not be discriminated against on the basis of their caste, region, gender, and religion.
And third, they will demand is the difference principle. It means that if any individual, after veil of ignorance, comes out
is disabled or unfortunate, then society should help that least advantaged person.
This Rawl's theory of justice where rationality rather than moral thinking can lead us to have a fair and just society.
Q9. What is the veil of ignorance?
Ans. Rawls has talked about the veil of ignorance in his theory of justice. He puts all individuals behind the 'veil of ignorance'.
' veil of ignorance' means that individuals are put in a position where they do not know what is
their status, wealth, class, ability, talent, etc.
Q10. What are the three principles in john Rawls's theory?
Ans. 1. liberty
2. equality of opportunity
3. difference principle
Q11. What is a free market?
Ans. free-market means that individuals should be free to own property and enter into contracts and agreements
with each other regarding prices, wages and profits. they should be free to compete with each other
to gain greatest amount of benefit.
Q12. What are the advantages of free markets?
Ans. In free markets, there is less interference by the state which ensures equal distribution of benefits and duties in
society. The free market also allows us to have more choices. And moreover, they provide good quality services
in comparison to the poor quality of services provided by governmental institutions.
Q13. What are the disadvantages of free markets?
Ans. free markets favor the privileged because they have money and resources to buy goods and services they want.
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