Constitution at work chapter: 5 Legislature
Q1.Why do we need Parliament?
Ans. we need parliament because of the following :
1. It is a forum where ministers and all Parliamentarians get together, debate, discuss and question the work done by them.
2. Parliament is required for lawmaking. As it is the very basic function of the government of India.
3. It is the basis of representative democracy as it represents MPs from all the constituencies.
Q2. Why the importance of Parliament is declining?
Ans. Parliament is losing its importance because of the following grounds:
1. There have been frequent walkouts, dharnas, protests, and mostly no parliamentary work is done on time.
2. In India, the cabinet initiates policies, sets the agenda for governance and carries out them.
Q3. How is the cabinet responsible for the legislature?
Ans: For the survival of the cabinet, it requires a majority in Lok Sabha.
Q4 Why do we need two Houses of Parliament?
Ans: The bicameral legislature is possible when there are two houses of the legislature in India, two houses are called Rajya Sabha i.e. council of states and LokSabha i.e. house of people and states has the option to remain either unicameral or become bicameral. At present 5 states have bicameral legislatures.
1. Bihar, 2. Karnataka 3. Madhya Pradesh 4. Uttar Pradesh 5. Kashmir (Earlier) But now it is UT.
Q5: What are the Advantages of having Bicameral Legislature?
Ans: The advantage of having a bicameral legislature is that 1. Countries with large size and diversity give representation to all sections of society and all geographical regions.
2. Every decision taken by one house is reconsidered by the second house. it means every policy and bill is discussed twice.so there is a double check.
Q6. what is bicameral legislature?
Ans: 1. A bicameral legislature is when there are two houses of the legislature.
Q7. Do we have a bicameral legislature in India ?
Ans: yes
Q8.Name the two houses of our legislature?
1. Rajya Sabha : (council of states --Upper House )
2. Lok Sabha: (house of people- Lower House )
Q9. What is Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Rajya Sabha is the house of parliament that represents the states of India.
Q10. How are the members elected for Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Members are elected indirectly by the representatives of state legislatures.
Q11. Which representation does Rajya Sabha follow?
Ans: Our Rajya Sabha has asymmetrical representation. It means the members of states in Rajya Sabha are elected based on the population in the states.
Q12. Why does Rajya Sabha follow asymmetrical representation?
Ans: Rajya Sabha allows asymmetrical representation to avoid inequality in representation between bigger and smaller states.
Q13. Which schedule fixes members of Rajya Sabha?
Ans. It is fixed by the fourth schedule of the constitution.
Q14. What are the two types of representation in Raya Sabha?
Ans: Asymmetrical representation: here the members are elected based on population and size of the state. For eg: India.
symmetrical representation: a here equal number of members are elected whether they belong to big or small states. Eg: USA
Q15. Why RS is called the permanent house of parliament?
Ans: All members of Rajya Sabha do not retire at the same. After every two years, one-third of members retire and elections are held for that one third. Therefore, Rajya Sabha is never fully dissolved. That is why It is called the permanent house of parliament.
Q16. What was the need for having a permanent house of parliament?
Ans: The reason for being a permanent house of parliament is that when Lok Sabha is dissolved, RS can be called and urgent business that can be conducted.
Q17. What is Lok Sabha?
Ans: Lok Sabha is the house of parliament that is elected directly by the people.
Q18. How are state legislative assemblies formed?
Ans: Representatives who directly get elected by people form legislative assemblies.
Q19. How many constituencies are there in India?
Ans: 543
Q20. Since when constituencies have not been changed?
Ans: 1971
Q21. Why Lok Sabha is not called the Permanent House of parliament?
Ans: Lok Sabha is not called the permanent house of parliament because the members are elected every five years directly by people.
Q22.What are the functions of parliament?
Ans: 1. Legislative function: The drafting of legislation is done by bureaucracy. But approval and enactment are done by parliament.
2.Control of executive and accountability: all the ministers are accountable and answerable in parliament. It cannot ignore the questions asked in parliament and have to reply.
3.Financial functions: The government spends money and raises money through taxes. Legislature approves spending of resources and raising money through taxes. Without their approval, it is not possible to spend or impose new taxes.
4.Representation: parliament represents different views of different regions, religions, social, economic, groups of the country.
5.Debating function: parliament is the forum where members of parliament discuss and debate on the provisions of law.
6.Constituent function: parliament also has the power to make changes in the constitution. But it has to pass by a special majority.
7.Electoral functions: it elects the president and vice president of India.
8.Judicial functions: it includes proposals for the removal of a judge of the supreme court and high courts, president and vice president.
Q23. Difference between powers of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
I: Lok Sabha
1. Introduces and enacts money bills.
2. Approves proposals for taxation, budgets, and annual financial statements.
3.Controls executive by asking questions, supplementary questions, resolutions, and motions and through nonconfidence motions.
4. It amends the constitution.
5.Approves proclamation of emergency
6. Elects president and vice president. And removes judges of the supreme court and high court.
7. Establishes committees and commissions and give their reports.
II: Rajya Sabha:
1.Cannot introduce or enact money bills. They can only give suggestions for any amendments to money bills.
2. Since RS can only suggest on money bills, it has no powers on taxation or budget.
3. It also exercises control by asking questions, motions and resolutions.but cannot pass nonconfidence motion because it is a permanent house.
4. It cant be dissolved. Only Lok Sabha can be dissolved.
5. Rajya Sabha has the same powers in amending the constitution.
6. It Has no powers regarding emergency
7. Elects president and vice president. And removes judges of the supreme court and high court. but the power to remove vice president lies only with RS.
8.Gives union parliament power to make laws on matters included in the State list
Q1.Why do we need Parliament?
Ans. we need parliament because of the following :
1. It is a forum where ministers and all Parliamentarians get together, debate, discuss and question the work done by them.
2. Parliament is required for lawmaking. As it is the very basic function of the government of India.
3. It is the basis of representative democracy as it represents MPs from all the constituencies.
Q2. Why the importance of Parliament is declining?
Ans. Parliament is losing its importance because of the following grounds:
1. There have been frequent walkouts, dharnas, protests, and mostly no parliamentary work is done on time.
2. In India, the cabinet initiates policies, sets the agenda for governance and carries out them.
3. Opposition members are not allowed to raise certain issues, however urgent the topic maybe.,
Q3. How is the cabinet responsible for the legislature?
Ans: For the survival of the cabinet, it requires a majority in Lok Sabha.
Q4 Why do we need two Houses of Parliament?
Ans: The bicameral legislature is possible when there are two houses of the legislature in India, two houses are called Rajya Sabha i.e. council of states and LokSabha i.e. house of people and states has the option to remain either unicameral or become bicameral. At present 5 states have bicameral legislatures.
1. Bihar, 2. Karnataka 3. Madhya Pradesh 4. Uttar Pradesh 5. Kashmir (Earlier) But now it is UT.
Q5: What are the Advantages of having Bicameral Legislature?
Ans: The advantage of having a bicameral legislature is that 1. Countries with large size and diversity give representation to all sections of society and all geographical regions.
2. Every decision taken by one house is reconsidered by the second house. it means every policy and bill is discussed twice.so there is a double check.
Q6. what is bicameral legislature?
Ans: 1. A bicameral legislature is when there are two houses of the legislature.
Q7. Do we have a bicameral legislature in India ?
Ans: yes
Q8.Name the two houses of our legislature?
1. Rajya Sabha : (council of states --Upper House )
2. Lok Sabha: (house of people- Lower House )
Q9. What is Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Rajya Sabha is the house of parliament that represents the states of India.
Q10. How are the members elected for Rajya Sabha?
Ans: Members are elected indirectly by the representatives of state legislatures.
Q11. Which representation does Rajya Sabha follow?
Ans: Our Rajya Sabha has asymmetrical representation. It means the members of states in Rajya Sabha are elected based on the population in the states.
Q12. Why does Rajya Sabha follow asymmetrical representation?
Ans: Rajya Sabha allows asymmetrical representation to avoid inequality in representation between bigger and smaller states.
Q13. Which schedule fixes members of Rajya Sabha?
Ans. It is fixed by the fourth schedule of the constitution.
Q14. What are the two types of representation in Raya Sabha?
Ans: Asymmetrical representation: here the members are elected based on population and size of the state. For eg: India.
symmetrical representation: a here equal number of members are elected whether they belong to big or small states. Eg: USA
Q15. Why RS is called the permanent house of parliament?
Ans: All members of Rajya Sabha do not retire at the same. After every two years, one-third of members retire and elections are held for that one third. Therefore, Rajya Sabha is never fully dissolved. That is why It is called the permanent house of parliament.
Q16. What was the need for having a permanent house of parliament?
Ans: The reason for being a permanent house of parliament is that when Lok Sabha is dissolved, RS can be called and urgent business that can be conducted.
Q17. What is Lok Sabha?
Ans: Lok Sabha is the house of parliament that is elected directly by the people.
Q18. How are state legislative assemblies formed?
Ans: Representatives who directly get elected by people form legislative assemblies.
Q19. How many constituencies are there in India?
Ans: 543
Q20. Since when constituencies have not been changed?
Ans: 1971
Q21. Why Lok Sabha is not called the Permanent House of parliament?
Ans: Lok Sabha is not called the permanent house of parliament because the members are elected every five years directly by people.
Q22.What are the functions of parliament?
Ans: 1. Legislative function: The drafting of legislation is done by bureaucracy. But approval and enactment are done by parliament.
2.Control of executive and accountability: all the ministers are accountable and answerable in parliament. It cannot ignore the questions asked in parliament and have to reply.
3.Financial functions: The government spends money and raises money through taxes. Legislature approves spending of resources and raising money through taxes. Without their approval, it is not possible to spend or impose new taxes.
4.Representation: parliament represents different views of different regions, religions, social, economic, groups of the country.
5.Debating function: parliament is the forum where members of parliament discuss and debate on the provisions of law.
6.Constituent function: parliament also has the power to make changes in the constitution. But it has to pass by a special majority.
7.Electoral functions: it elects the president and vice president of India.
8.Judicial functions: it includes proposals for the removal of a judge of the supreme court and high courts, president and vice president.
Q23. Difference between powers of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
I: Lok Sabha
1. Introduces and enacts money bills.
2. Approves proposals for taxation, budgets, and annual financial statements.
3.Controls executive by asking questions, supplementary questions, resolutions, and motions and through nonconfidence motions.
4. It amends the constitution.
5.Approves proclamation of emergency
6. Elects president and vice president. And removes judges of the supreme court and high court.
7. Establishes committees and commissions and give their reports.
II: Rajya Sabha:
1.Cannot introduce or enact money bills. They can only give suggestions for any amendments to money bills.
2. Since RS can only suggest on money bills, it has no powers on taxation or budget.
3. It also exercises control by asking questions, motions and resolutions.but cannot pass nonconfidence motion because it is a permanent house.
4. It cant be dissolved. Only Lok Sabha can be dissolved.
5. Rajya Sabha has the same powers in amending the constitution.
6. It Has no powers regarding emergency
7. Elects president and vice president. And removes judges of the supreme court and high court. but the power to remove vice president lies only with RS.
8.Gives union parliament power to make laws on matters included in the State list
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